Iceberg Model McClelland Theory free essay sample

The Iceberg Model has been used in systems thinking. It explains that an iceberg only exposes 10% of its mass above water while 90% of its mass is hidden below the surface. Similarly, an individual competence is analogous to an Iceberg Model because there are both observable and hidden components. (Refer to Illustration 1) The observable components would be the individual’s knowledge and skills while the hidden components include values, self-image and motives. (Refer to Illustration 2) The hidden aspect of the competencies is what drives an individual with knowledge and skills to perform at his best and to achieve superior performance. Let us understand this model through an example. In the current hiring practices in Singapore, many organisations are still using the traditional method of recruitment, where emphasis is on visible competencies of knowledge and skills. Hidden attributes like the individual’s value system, self-image and motives are only uncovered as the individual progresses within the organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Iceberg Model McClelland Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Specifically, in the current banking industry, an individual is deemed to be of a right fit for a sales advisory position once the individual has obtained all the industry certifications required by the Monetary Association of Singapore (MAS) and possesses a good understanding of the various financial instruments. However, by selecting an individual solely by his qualifications and knowledge, without a deeper understanding of the individual’s values, views on investment, aspirations and his thinking style may implicate the organisation reputation and goals. The individual may display sign of non-integrity through his dealings with the bank’s high net-worth clients. The bank may then discover that the individual’s aspiration is not aligned with the bank’s vision of client’s servicing and management Going back to the Iceberg Model, to identify a high performer for an organisation, it is essential for any organisation to recognise the visible and hidden components of an individual’s competencies. This will allow the organisation to have a bird’s eye view of the competence of the individual as the hidden aspect of the competencies will directly stimulate and encourage the usage of the knowledge and skills to align with the organisation goals and to achieve organisation success. McClelland Theory A brief review- Three needs theory McClelland is a renowned American Psychologist best known for his Motivation Theory. In the 1940s, McClelland stated that once an individual has fulfilled his basic needs of food and shelter, an individual would have 3 kinds of motivational needs. (Refer to Illustration 3) the need for achievement (n-ach)- desire to achieve and attain goals that are challenging but are realistic the need for power (n-pow)- desire to gain authority, influence and leadership the need for affiliation (n-affil)- seeks to form relationships and to interact with other people, seeking recognition Competence Based Assessment In the 1970s, McClelland became more interested in competence based approach and its use for recruitment. Competence is widely described as the underlying characteristic of an individual which allows him to deliver superior performance at a task, role or position. 1 McClelland published an article in 1973 entitled â€Å"Testing for competence rather than for intelligence† and identified that traditional gauge of performance such as aptitude test, examination results and references were not good predictor of an individual’s job performance. 2 In his study, McClelland developed 2 key tools to identify competencies Criterion Samples Study of two control group which involved the top performer and the average performer The objective is to identify the differentiating factor in performance and how to encourage better performance from the average group Behavioural Event Interviews (BEI) Highly structured and complex interview focusing on the characteristics of the individual The objective is to ascertain the individual’s deep rooted beliefs and to reveal the individual’s behaviour patterns under specific stimulated scenarios and incidents With these tools, organisations can now adopt McClelland’s competence based assessment to improve their overall performance by hiring the right individual for the job. The data collected from the assessment could be used to design highly targeted programs to develop the necessary competencies. This will in return motivate their average performance to become top performer. For example, it is a widely practice in aviation leader such as Singapore Airlines, whereby an individual who aspires to be a pilot, are required to go through the organisation’s rigorous interviews and training programmes to identify the individual characteristic and behavioural pattern under stress and his reliability and sense of responsibility. Apart from the behavioural event interviews, other forms of assessment for pilots may take the form of complex analytical questions and answers sessions, innovation test, lateral thinking test, and emergency cum stimulator experience test to observe the individual performance during the course. These are necessary approach in their recruitment and training as the airline recognises the importance of safety conscious, highly qualify and reliable pilots in delivering superior performance and maintain the organisation mission for aviation safety. Hence, it is notably evident that the McClelland’s Competence Based Assessment has direct similarities to the Iceberg Model which identifies the hidden components of competencies of an individual. Both stresses on the importance of looking beyond the knowledge and skill sets and into the deep rooted competencies of an individual such as self-image, traits and motives and behavioural patterns to correctly identify the right individual to achieve superior performance. Appendices Iceberg Model

USE OF Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane (DDT) in Ghana for Malaria Control

USE OF Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane (DDT) in Ghana for Malaria Control Free Online Research Papers USE OF Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane(DDT) in Ghana for Malaria Control The World Health Organisation (WHO) in September 2006 announced that nearly 30 years after phasing out the widespread use of indoor spraying with DDT and other insecticides to control malaria, this intervention will once again play a major role in its efforts to fight the disease. Although DDT has been banned from agricultural use in most countries it continues to be used in limited quantities for public health purposes. Countries continue to use DDT primarily because they cannot afford reliable alternatives or do not have the capacity to develop them. DDT which was widely used in Ghana for agricultural and public health purposes was officially banned in 1985 due to its damaging effects on human health and the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency is the regulatory body in Ghana with the mandate to register pesticides for use in the country. Recent pronouncements by the WHO recommending the re-introduction of DDT for disease vector control have necessitated the preparation of this paper, which provides an overview on the status of DDT in relation to some international conventions and the Pesticides Control and Management Act, 1996 (Act 528) to equip government with the relevant information on the chemical. 2.0 Status of DDT in relation to the Stockholm Convention The Stockholm Convention on POPs entered into force on 17th May 2004 with an objective to protect human health and the environment from Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) which include DDT. Ghana ratified the Convention and is thus obliged to abide by its provisions. The Convention contains details of conditions under which DDT may be produced and used in any country (Annex B, Part II of the Stockholm Convention). These are as follows: 1. DDT may be produced and used only for disease vector control and according to the recommendations and guidelines of the World Health Organisation. DDT may be used when safe, effective and affordable alternatives are not locally available in a country. 2. The WHO recommends only indoor residual spaying of DDT for disease vector control. 3. A country that decides to produce and/or use DDT for disease vector control is required to notify the Convention Secretariat and the WHO. All countries that so notify the Secretariat will be entered in a public register. 4. Every three years, each country that uses DDT will be required to provide to the Convention Secretariat and the WHO information on the amount of DDT used, the conditions under which it is being used, and how such use relates to the country’s disease management strategy. The reporting will be carried out in a format to be determined by the Conference of Parties in consultation with the WHO. 5. Countries using DDT will be supported and encouraged to strengthen their vector control programmes. The intention is to reduce and ultimately eliminate the use of DDT over time, by making such use unnecessary. In this connection, each country will be assisted to develop a national action plan that will include: a. The development of regulatory and other mechanisms to ensure that DDT is used only for disease vector control b. The implementation of alternative products, methods, and strategies, including vector resistance management strategies to ensure that the DDT alternatives remain effective. In developing such DDT alternatives, adequate consideration will be given to ensuring that viable alternatives present less risk to human health and the environment, and also that the alternatives are suitable for disease control within the particular context of each country. 3.0 Status of DDT in relation to the Rotterdam Convention The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade came into force in February 2004. Ghana ratified the convention and DDT is listed among the chemicals subject to the PIC procedure. The implication is that Ghana needs to seek or consult its trade partners if DDT should be imported into the country. 4.0 Status of DDT in relation to the Pesticides Control and Management Act, 1996 (Act 528). The Pesticides Control and Management Act, 1996 (Act 528) stipulates that ‘No person shall import, export, manufacture, distribute, advertise sell or use any pesticide in Ghana unless the pesticide has been registered by the Environmental Protection Agency in accordance with this Act’. DDT has been banned and is currently prohibited for use in the country. Under Act 528, a pesticide is banned when its use in accordance with widespread commonly recognized practice even in the presence of additional regulatory restrictions will cause unreasonable adverse effect on people, animals, crops or on the environment. Section 2 of Act 528 however stipulates that the Agency may authorize the importation of an unregistered pesticide in the event of national emergency or if the Minister responsible for the Environment by legislative instrument so prescribes. 4.1 Available alternatives to DDT The EPA has approved four pesticide products for residual spraying purposes. These are Bistar 10 WP (Bifenthrin), Icon 10 CS (Lambda cyhalothrin), Delete 2.5 EC (Deltamethrin) and Vectoguard 40 WP (Pirimiphos methyl). These products have been tried and tested by the WHO and recommended for residual spraying against mosquitoes. 5.0 Possible problems associated with the use of DDT in Ghana Problems associated with the use of DDT in Ghana include the following: 5.1 Environmental problems DDT is a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) and the effects of the pesticide on the environment will increase if appropriate measures are not taken to control its use/abuse if introduced. Cleaning of sites contaminated by DDT and disposal of obsolete stocks is expensive and difficult and should be avoided where possible. 5.2 Possible misuse on agriculture The use of DDT in agriculture was banned since 1985. DDT is however very cheap compared to other pesticides and also known to be very effective against a broad range of insect pests. These properties of the chemical will make it very attractive to farmers to misapply on their crops leading to high levels of environmental and human exposure when the pesticide is introduced. DDT, which was previously used extensively on cocoa in Ghana, is currently not permitted by the European Union, Japan and other countries on cocoa. If allowed in the country, misuse on cocoa (a major foreign exchange earner) could lead to rejection of cocoa exports by importing countries if residues of the pesticide is detected. 6.0 Recommendations Based on the above, the EPA recommends that the Government of Ghana should resist any external pressures to re-introduce DDT into the country since equally effective alternatives have been approved for use in the country. The use of these alternative pesticides should be intensified to control malaria in the country. The Stockholm Convention only recommends the use of DDT if safe, effective and affordable alternatives are not locally available in a country. Research Papers on USE OF Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane (DDT) in Ghana for Malaria ControlGenetic EngineeringPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Brand Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Brand Development Plan - Essay Example Table of Contents Introduction 5 Assumptions 5 Position Strategy 6 Target Market 7 Competitor Analysis 8 Point of Difference 10 Point of Parity 10 Building Brand Equity 11 Brand Awareness 11 Selection and Justification of Brand Elements 12 Brand Image 12 Communication Strategy 13 Measuring Brand Equity 13 Recommendation 14 Conclusion 14 References 15 Introduction Last Chance is a diversified corporation based in Australia that produces and sells products of different kinds. The company now does not have any product in the beverage industry. It has, therefore, decided to make an entry into the Australian market for soft drinks. The company intends to develop a new product for the beverage market. In order to launch the brand successfully in the market, the company has to conduct a research on the existing brands in the market and their performance. ...A proposal has been presented in this article on how the brand can effectively manage its functionalities so as to yield positive and e ncouraging outcomes. The paper provides insights into strategic positioning of the brand, the target customers, potential and incumbent firms, strategies of developing brand equity and building the brand’s communication strategy on the basis of evaluation of the various factors that have been identified to make probable effects on the brand’s image. Assumptions Last Chance is planning to penetrate into a new market. It is important to note that this market has a number of established players. Hence in order to develop its brand image and retain it in the minds of the customers for a long period of time, Dew Fresh has to make certain reasonable assumptions about the characteristics of the market in which it is venturing. The most important assumptions are mentioned below: 1. The prime customer group for Dew fresh is the young population belonging to the age group of 12 to 30 years. The people of this generation are young, active and enthusiastic. 2. Trends in the soft d rink industry show that the majority of customers belong to the above mentioned age group. They are open to new ideas and are willing to experiment with the products that they use in their daily lives. 3. There are various kinds of beverages in the Australian market. However, any kind of herbal energy drink has not been yet developed. Hence this new kind of soft drink is expected to gain a comfortably big customer base.

Family violence Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Family violence - Research Proposal Example In this regard, Tjaden and Thoennes (2000) notes, â€Å"Approximately 1.3 million women and 835,000 men are physically assaulted by an intimate partner annually in the United States† (p. 34). The primary victims of these violence and crimes in the families are mostly women and children. In 2001, â€Å"intimate partner violence made up 20% of all nonfatal violent crime experienced by women† (Rennison, 2003). Exposure of Children to family violence is supposed to have adverse impacts on their psychophysical health and cognitive development. These adverse impacts include emotional disorder and distress, delays of physiological and cognitive growth, post-trauma stress, and disruptive external behaviors such absentmindedness, aggressive behaviors and unruliness. The internal symptoms of the violence-affected children include somatic disorders, mental depression, anxiety, etc. Aim of the Study This study aims at contributing to the current literature on the impacts of family on children with new information which will help researchers, scholars and other people who are involved in intervention programs for children exposed to family violence. The author of this study will focus on the following areas: a. What are the most common causes and consequences of family violence? b. The violent partners’ perception of the effects of their behaviors on their children. c. The violent partners’ perception about the way-out of the violence. Inalienability of Family and Children’s Wellbeing from each other: A Theoretical Exploration Children’s wellbeing and sound parental relationship are closely intertwined with each other. Epistemologically, children’s wellbeing refers to an overall psychophysical growth of a child such as cognitive growth, socialization, moralization, etc. Scholars in the field of child’s development, assumes family as an entity that stimulates and facilitate a child’s psychophysical development in many explicit and implicit processes. A family, if viewed from a child-developmental perspective, can be considered as an amphitheater which contains both visible and subconscious components of a child’s growth (Lerner, 1989, p. 34). Researches in this field show that a child’s personality traits, attitude, belief, behavior are grossly influenced first by the interplays between a child and its surrounding in a family. In this regard, Marian (1995) et al says, â€Å"The family is seen as a dynamic context in which the child is both transformer and transformed† (p. 23). Consequently, ‘parenting’ –both directly and indirectly- is supposed to exert huge influence on the development of a child. In his book, Belsky (1984) focuses on what factors of parental behavior and how they influence the child-rearing and the development of a child. In this regard, Belsky as well as Bronfenbrenner emphasize on two factors, husband-wife relationship and parent -child relationship, as most influencing. In order to elucidate the reasons of child-abuse, Belsky (1984) notes, Specifically, marital relations, social networks, and jobs influence individual personality and general psychological well-being of parents and, thereby, parental functioning and, in turn, child development.† (p. 84) Importance of Healthy Parental Relationship on Children’s Wellbe

Summary of Intervierw Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of Intervierw - Assignment Example Riffle, noted that she had to carry out her roles in a certain way. As a coordinator, one has to ensure that they have a Master’s of Science, Development and cognitive disabilities and a Bachelor’s degree in Arts. In addition, it is necessary to have eight years of experience as a teacher teaching special education students. Like most Special Needs Coordinators in campuses, getting one year training as a NISD special Education Coordinator is critical. As a coordinator with such qualification, it is easier to manage special needs students if a coordinator has the skills and the qualifications (Wearmouth, 2013). In addition, parents are more likely to trust experienced professionals with their special needs children (Westwood, 2010). It is not only any special needs children that qualify for the programs, but those who are visually and emotionally impaired. Additionally, those with orthopedic, speech and auditory impairments are also included. Students with traumatic brain injuries and learning and intellectual disabilities are also qual ified. To admit these students into the special needs programs in the school, they have to do tests to check their adaptive behavior, cognitive and language skills (Wearmouth, 2008). Earlier tests used in special education schools were not suitable when it came to testing students with special needs (Frederickson & Cline, 2009). However, today, it is the work of the General Education Teacher to refer the students to the tests, but a Licensed Specialist in School Psychology (LSSP) carries out the testing. For the school district to get the testing process done, they have to follow the Federal timelines. The Full Individual Evaluation (FIE) or The Admission, Review and Dismissal (ARD) meetings where the parents of the students, special and general education teachers are present are a requirement. Without these meetings, it would not be possible to admit students without allowing the Admission, Review and Dismissal (ARDC) to

Racial discrimination and colonization in literature

Racial discrimination and colonization in literature Frantz Fanon once wrote, â€Å"Colonialism hardly ever exploits the whole country. It contents itself with bringing to light the natural resources, which it extracts and exports to meet the needs of mother country’s industries, thereby allowing certain sectors of the colony to become relatively rich. But the rest of the colony follows its path of under development and poverty or at all events sinks into it more deeply.† The term â€Å"Postcolonialism† refers broadly to the ways in which race, ethnicity, culture, and human identity itself are represented in the modern era, after many colonized countries earned their independence. However, some critics use the term to refer to all culture and cultural products influenced by imperialism from the moment of colonization until today. A work by postcolonial writer attempts at describing the interactions between European nations and the people they colonized. A post colonial reading reveals the characters racism and dis criminatory attitude that drives their action. A post colonial prospective presents a discourse describing an attempt of assimilation of a black man into a white society. One of the major characteristics of the principle of human rights is the fact that each and every human being was born free with equal rights and dignity. Hounding and favoritism of human beings based on ethnicity and race are violations that are very clearly going against this fundamental principle. Discrimination based on race can assume several forms, from the institutional discrimination and severe discrimination to other forms that are covert whereby certain ethnic and racial groups are barred from enjoying similar cultural, political, civil, economic and social rights as other classes of people in the same society. Postcolonial literature is something that cannot be bound by time. Post colonial studies especially theories cannot be made obligatory. It must be properly disseminated and assimilated before it can ever begin to address the issue of the complex cultural investment. The postcolonial literature reveals the characters racism and discriminatory attitude that drives the ir action. It prevails since the time of Shakespeare. Postcolonial Shakespeare for most of the people, means a little evincing an interest in the moor but there are certain specific Shakespearean text that are thought to lend themselves to post colonial reading because of their obvious engagement with the colonial issues of racial and cultural otherness. Tempest and Othello have received this status of most favored text by Shakespeare of the postcolonial label. In Othello, the postcolonial perspective presents a discourse describing an attempt of assimilation of a black man into a while society by marrying a white woman but by the end of the play the protagonist is stripped off from his white construct and is reduced back to the traditional role of a â€Å"moor†. Similarly Shakespeare’s Tempest, is considered a central work in postcolonial theory. It is thought to be, by some critics as an early postcolonial work. Many colonial theorists and critics tend to focus on th e character of Caliban as their centre of discussion. According to the critics, Caliban has been tied to the west’s image of the native people often described as bizarre in their appearance. The natives according to the colonizers are dehumanized and are considered one with nature, similar to that of Caliban’s character in Shakespeare’s Tempest. His character is also easily fooled and intoxicated by the Europeans. Such is the way the colonizers perceive the natives. It is mentioned by theorist Edward Said that the colonizers always considered themselves superior and considered the natives as â€Å"the others†. Racial discrimination has been rampant for many centuries, post colonial literature mainly focuses upon this segment in their discussion. Not only were the Europeans dominating over the natives physically but they also worked at erasing their cultural identity and their past in order to implant their own cultural customs. Racial discrimination is a theme that runs throughout postcolonial discourse, as white Europeans consistently emphasized their superiority over darker-skinned people. This was most evident in South Africa, whose policy of apartheid was institutionalized in national laws. Nadine Gordimer’s novel My Son’s Story is a brilliant example of the trials and tribulations of racially discriminated people. In her novel, Gordimer presents how a black family struggles to survive in a white dominated society. One of the main attractions of the plot is the character of Sonny. It’s his desperation to be one of the white people that sets Gordimer’s story apart from the rest. The character of Sonny has an affair with a white woman Hannah. Through this affair the mere logic of Edward Said is proven, the fact that the white masses dominated over the natives by rearranging their ideology and setting it in such a way that it perceives the white people as their superior in every sense. By Sonny’s affair with Hannah and his obsession with Shakespeare it is proved that his ideology was programmed in such a way that his attraction towards Hannah and Shakespeare are hints of him wanting to be one of the white masses. Unlike Gordimer’s My Son’s Story, there are other novels regarding racial discrimination that present the natives as â€Å"the other† and set the white colonizers as people with superior intellect. Although ironically in each of these novel their lies a hint of destruction that is caused by this very superior intellectual group of people and it is the natives who are represented with humanity. One such work of art is Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, that represents the natives from the view point of the colonizers. Although it is debated whether Conrad wrote it as a criticism to the colonizers or the natives. Heart of Darkness truly is deserving of its title name. The darkness that is emphasized in the title not only talks about the darkness of the region but the darkness that exists in the heart of the colonizers. The novel depicts some soul shattering images of the natives being tortured and chained by the colonizers. The novel beautifully narrates th e plight of the natives and depicts how the colonizers viewed them. Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart is another exemplary example of colonial racial discrimination. Achebe’s novel emphasizes Edward Said’s Orientalist theories, about how the colonizers dominated over the natives by implanting the colonial ideological thinking into the natives. The plot depicts how the natives are made to give up their own culture and customs and follow the colonial way of living. Achebe depicts in his novel how the things fall apart for the natives and their colony, how the natives are driven away from their own sense of identity and individuality. The concept of losing one’s identity has also been taken up by Derek Walcott in his poem The Sea is History. His poem talks about how the natives are clueless about their history, their roots and their identity. The poem depicts the native’s plight of not knowing their past and thus being unaware of their sense of identity. Discrimination was mainly done on the basis of colour, and one of the ways to dominate over the natives was to erase their sense of identity by dominating over their ideology. Since many of the natives culture was in form of orator and not written, it was fairly easy for the colonizers to establish their upper hand over the natives. Some other works that depicts racial discrimination are Coetzee’s novels Waiting for the Barbarians (1982), which is set in an imaginary empire not unlike South Africa, utilizes postmodern strategies and tactics to foreground their status as works of fiction, while at the same time suggesting a political posture t owards a real place and policy, which is, South African apartheid. Also, Salman Rushdie’s novel Midnight’s Children(1981), Michael Ondaatje’s novel The English Patient (1992), Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth (1961), Jamaica Kincaid’s A Small Place (1988), Isabelle Allende’s The House of the Spirits (1982), J. M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace (1990), Derek Walcott’s Omeros (1990), and Eavan Boland’s Outside History. Two essays that are worth mentioning in this particular genre are: Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin. White Masks and Ngugi Wa Thiongo’s Decolonising the mind. â€Å"When people like me, they like me in spite of my colour. When they dislike me; they point out that it isnt because of my colour. Either way, I am locked into the infernal circle.† This line of Frantz Fanon, a French psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary and writer, speaks about how he has been victimized by the same hard blow of hatred by white people. He believed that there is a paralytic judiciary system of whites towards the black. Franz Fanon gives utmost importance to the phenomenon of language. He said, â€Å"White men always claim to posses all knowledge of the world and believe in hallucinating black, because of their own means.† In his book Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon talks about how black race faces the lack of judgment in society and is always abolished out of societal virtues (Fanon, 1967 ). In another book on Colour Prejudice, he begins with the duality in the behavior of a black man towards a white man and towards another black man. His opposition towards such discrimination and racist factor was so strong that it compelled other revolutionaries to take a stand against such injustice firmly. Perceptions as far as the minorities are concerned, which specify that they are weak and inferior are usually planted in the minds of people from the majority group in their early stages of development. The minority group of people, in other words, the racially discriminated people are made to believe such perceptions by their parents, teachers and the society in which they grow in.Racism involves a set of actions or beliefs that considers an individual or a class of people to be inferior as compared to another individual or a class of people, due to their appearance physically, such as their skin color. These are perceptions that are fed in the minds of people and they usually have a lot of negative impacts on the individuals or group of people being considered to be inferior. One of the ways through which, ill-treatment and narrow mindedness against the minority can be eliminated is by reversing such unfounded perceptions. This can be done through increased awareness that all peop le are the same and those simple differences such as height or skin color cannot be adequate reasons for treating some people as less equals as the others and thus oppressed and exploited. The individuals that are racists are simply the product of a society that sponsors and encourages the vice in one way or another. In order to change such a society, there is need for both political and legal change to be shadowed. Politically, the interests of the minority should be well addressed and this can be done through increasing the political representation of the groups facing discrimination. Laws that are aimed at protecting the rights of the minority should be enacted so that anyone violating these rights is to be dealt with severe punishment. The minorities themselves have also a role to play in ending prejudice and discrimination against them. They should ensure that they are in the forefront in the campaign against oppression, prejudice and discrimination along racial lines. As African Americans place in today’s new age society has changed over the centuries and along with it so has the focus of African-American literature. Before theAmerican Civil War, the literature primarily consisted of memoirs by people who had escaped from slavery; the genre ofslave narrativescomprised accounts of life in slavery and the path of justice and redemption to freedom. There was an early peculiarity between the literature of freed slaves and the literature of free blacks who had been born in the North. Free blacks had to express their oppression in a dissimilar narrative form. Free blacks in the North often spoke out against slavery and racial injustices using the spiritual narrative. The spiritual addressed many of the same themes of slave narratives, but has been largely ignored in current scholarly conversation. At the turn of the 20th century, non-fiction works by authors such as  W. E. B. Du Bois  and  Booker T. Washington  debated whether to confron t or appease racist attitudes in the United States. During the  American Civil Rights movement, authors such as  Richard Wright  and  Gwendolyn Brooks  wrote about issues of  racial segregation  and  black nationalism. Today, African-American literature has become recognized as an integral part of  American literature, with books such as  Roots: The Saga of an American Family  by  Alex Haley,  The Color Purple(1982) by  Alice Walker, which won the  Pulitzer Prize; and  Beloved  by Toni Morrison achieving both best-selling and award-winning status. Bernice McFadden quoted, â€Å"Dont you know sugar is brown first? White folks couldnt stand the fact that something so sweet shared the same color as the people who cut the cane, slopped the hogs and picked the cotton. So they bleached it to resemble them, and now they have gone and fooled everybody. You included.† Decolonizing a person’s mind is quite difficult to do because it cannot be done. Once the natives have been colonized for certain time period the colonizers history merges with that of the natives. Aijaz Ahmed in his essay wrote that when India was colonized by the British, their language that they shared with the natives became a part of the Indian culture and if the natives wish to ignore that culture in order to decolonize their minds, they are unintentionally discarding a part of their own culture. Doing so, will not accomplish anything and it will only end up fogging the sense of identity in the natives. According to Ngugi Wa Thiongo, in his essay Deco lonizing the mind he writes that, The oppressed and the downtrodden of the earth preserve their rebelliousness: liberty from robbery. However the prevalent weapon wielded and actually daily set free by the imperialism against that combined disobedience is the cultural attack. The effect of a cultural bomb is to destroy people’s faith in their religion, in their speech, in their surroundings, in their inheritance of great efforts , in their harmony, in their capability and eventually in themselves. It makes them want to recognize with that which is furthest detached from themselves; for example, with other peoples’ languages other than their own. It makes them categorize with that which is immoral and backward-looking, all those forces which would end their own life. It even grows chain of doubts about the ethical aptness of struggle. Possibilities of success or conquest are seen as unreachable, unreasonable dreams. The intended results are despair, hopelessness and a c ollective death wish. Amidst this wasteland which it has created, imperialism presents itself as the restore to health and demands that the dependant sing hymns of praise with the regular refrain: ‘theft is holy’. Indeed, this refrain sums up the new statement of belief of the neo colonial bourgeoisie in many independent African states. The classes fighting against imperialism even in its neo-colonial stage and form and have to tackle this threat with the higher and more creative culture of unyielding struggle. These classes have to wield even more firmly the weapons of the struggle contained in their cultures. They have to speak the united language of struggle enclosed in each of their languages. They must discover their various tongues to sing the song: A people united can never be defeated. We have a black president in U.S now , but does it mean that we are witnessing a post racial America ? The answer is no. Present day America is more racially polarized .Racial violence is on the rise. Black people can never realize their potential and goals, unless the thinking of White colonizers is reconceptualized and perceived afresh by which I mean a change in the way the White people perceive their identity vis a vis their country .This reconceptualization is something which Baldwin tries to do in The Fire Next Time. He stresses the importance of mediating one’s own identity and necessity to move away from white mediums of representation. He aims at flipping the power equations and to invert the hierarchies. Going by this vision, it is the white man who is in shackles (trapped in history), who needs to be free for the black people to be free (Baldwin, 1963 ) . Though he is offering a paradigm shift in the sense that he is offering a conception of White men in nonwhite terms, yet he does not do away with the entire idea of the white and the black. White colonizers need to stop seeing each other through the lens of race/colour but as equals.

The Great Pyramid of Giza :: Ancient Egypt Egyptian History

The Great Pyramid of Giza The pyramids of Ancient Egypt are as fascinating and intriguing, as they are breathtaking. Egyptologists and historians have long debated the question of who built the pyramids, and for what reason. There are many different and often conflicting theories in regard to the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza. When turning back the pages of history, it is discovered that a number of theories have been developed to explain the presence of such a significant historical landmark. "Theories vary from a tomb for a king, to a special chemical factory, a beacon for extraterrestrial aircraft's, a stone form of the Bible, a possible way to contact a Higher Being and a stone announcement of the second coming of Christ..." (Schillings, M. : 1999 : Sheet 1). Such examples of varying controversial theories have sparked a number of speculations to the mystery of the Great Pyramid of Giza. According to traditional Egyptology, the Great Pyramid of Giza was built by Egyptian pharaoh Khufu during the Fourth Dynasty around "...the year 2560 BCE..." (Schillings, M. : 1999 : Sheet 1). It has been suggested that the Egyptian civilisation succeeded in establishing a complex and organised work force of people to create and build an astonishing burial tomb for the pharaoh in aid of his journey to the afterlife. However, contrary to this suggestion, one must ask why the modern Egyptians continue to rely on traditional beliefs and attitudes to explain the presence of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Could this be the prefect example of nationalistic views? It could be argued that as a result of the continual spread of Egyptian hearsay, the Egyptians obtained the understanding that the entire civilisation - past and present - is somehow superior in status to that of the average mortal man. Undoubtedly, in modern times, the world has gained an increased awareness of the uncertainties that surround investigations into such a distant past. Despite several emerging historical puzzles and conclusions, modern Egyptians continue to adhere to the theory presented by traditional Egyptology. The sheer size, the huge proportions and the amazing geographical positioning of the pyramid have greatly contributed to the rise of uncertainty as to it's origin and purpose. The construction of the pyramid was no mean feat, regardless of the creator. Considering the fact that the pyramid is "...thirty times larger than the Empire State Building.

Whole Foods Market Business Analysis

Sales have doubled since then and 66% of the British adults now consume organic food and drinks. Their weakness Is the fact they haven't expanded Into the global market except for Canada and the ASK. There has also been several recalls on brands purchased by the company. The opportunities appear to be significant In this retail market. There Is an Increasing desire for organic, healthy products which bodes well for the success of opening new stores. The threat is competition as the demand grows and more stringent regulation. Rental increases is also a concern.In making a decision on whether to invest in Whole Foods Market, the welfare and needs of the internal and external stakeholders need to be considered. Growth depends on Bonds and Stockholders. The company must show consistent growth in order to be able to have available borrowing outlets. The employees are instrumental in keeping the customer feel wanted and satisfied with their shopping. The surrounding community wants to feel compatible with Whole Foods facilities, products and service. And the distributors supplying the company's product need to know there Is a commitment from their customers.Whole Foods Market is a unique, organic food and natural product supermarket chain located in the US, Canada and ASK. As a wholly owned subsidiary, they are headquartered in Austin, Texas and employ approximately 64,200 people: 13,300 are part-time and 2,700 temporary employees (Denominator, 2012, p. 4). They have an increase in revenue in 2011 from the previous year of 12. 2%, an increase of 25% in operating profit and net profit increase of 42%. (â€Å"Event Brief of IQ , 2012 Whole Foods Market Earnings†, 2012).These figures are significant in recognizing the company's success in recovering from the recession which hit them In 2008. Presently, the organic food market Is fragmented with many small mom and pops which presents many opportunities for growth by Whole Foods. Fred Meyer, a discount chain, carri es an Increasing array of organic foods, but not the quality and quantity of their high end competitor. The company's strength is in its focused growth plan. â€Å"The new store openings has enabled it to grow at a compounded and annual growth rate of 26% during 1991-2011†. Denominator, 2012, p. 6). They have formalized their square footage for new and renovated stores by past analysis of their successes and allures. The expansion into the I-J market, in particular the 2007 acquisition of 80,000 square feet in London could be a major step into a market outside of the US. Sales have doubled and 66% of the British public consumes organic food and drink. (Live Business News, 2012, p. 3) Their weaknesses lay in lack of expansion into international operations, product recall of certain brands, and increasing rental costs.Recalls are an issue. They have had to withdraw Whole Foods Market Dairy Free bakery products because it contained milk which was not on the label. Texas had to c all cheddar cheese products because of an e-coli contamination and there was a possible Salmonella contamination for the Whole Foods, Carob Energy Nuggets in 2009. They have not been able to successfully expand into markets other than a few stores in Canada and the I-J. They have not been able to obtain competitive prices from their distributors for these stores because of the low volume.Whole Foods also has a weak advertising budget and relies heavily on Internet and word of mouth, a disadvantage when their competitors advertising strategies are expanded into other markets. (Live Business News, 2012, p. 7) Leases for space and equipment have increased significantly from 4. 8 million in 2004 to 201 million in 2007. Future growth could be impacted. The increasing demand for organic foods and the new emerging life styles of the American public appear as great opportunities for Whole Foods Market. â€Å"According to industry estimates, the sales of organic food increased three fold si nce 2000 to exceed $28. Billion in 2010† (Denominator, 2012 p. 7) With this increase in sales, the company is still the only chain catering and available to this market. They are continually expanding their product base to include such foods for customers with facial dietary needs. The trend of the American family is moving towards eating at home and eating healthy. Competition in the food retailing market is intense. Currently, Whole Foods does not experience significant competition in the organic food, natural products, and vitamin supplement area. But, as the demand and desire grow, so will the competition.

GUERRERO Surname Meaning and Origin

GUERRERO Surname Meaning and Origin The  Guerrero surname is thought to have originated as a nickname which described either a soldier who had returned home from the war or an aggressive individual. Derived from the word guerre, meaning war. Guerrero is the 54th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish, Portuguese, Italian Alternate Surname Spellings:  GUERERRO, GUERRE, GUIERRE, LAGUERRE, GUERRA, GUERRERO, GUERREIRO, GUERRI and GUERRIERO. See also, the English WARR or WARRE. Famous People with the Surname GUERRERO Eddie Guerrero - famous American wrestler, part of the famed Guerrero wrestling family.Vladimir Guerrero - Major League Baseball player from the Dominican Republic.Vicente Guerrero – Second president of Mexico Where do People with the GUERRERO Surname Live? According to World Names PublicProfiler,  the majority of individuals with the Guerrero surname live in Spain, followed by concentrations in Argentina, the United States, France, and Switzerland. Public Profiler doesnt include information from all countries, however, including Mexico and Venezuela. Forebears marks Guerrero as the 456th most common surname in the world found most prevalently in Mexico. Based on the percentage of the population with the surname, Guerrero is most common in Guam (ranked 16th), followed by Ecuador (23rd), Mexico (43rd), Spain (47th), the Dominican Republic (49th) and Colombia (52nd). Genealogy Resources for the Surname GUERRERO 100 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? The Guererro DNA ProjectThis ancestral y-DNA testing project is open to any male with any spelling of the Guerrero surname interested in combining DNA testing with traditional family history research to sort out Guerrero ancestral lines. GeneaNet - Guerrero RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Guerrero surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. GUERRERO Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Guerrero surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Guerrero query. FamilySearch - GUERRERO GenealogyAccess over 2 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Guerrero surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GUERRERO Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Guerrero surname. DistantCousin.com - GUERRERO Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Guerrero. The Guerrero Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Guerrero from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: ï » ¿Surname Meanings OriginsCottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Architecture of a Propeller

The Architecture of a Propeller On the surface, a propeller seems like a simple device. Once you learn to measure some common prop dimensions and ponder the nearly limitless combinations of these variables you see that it is very complex. Then at some point, after much studying, you will attain prop enlightenment and the propeller will become simple again. There are no promises of prop enlightenment or other engineering magic here, just some basic terms and measurements to help you see how a prop interacts with the rest of the vessel and the elements. With this knowledge, you will be able to determine prop performance characteristics. Architecture of a Propeller Hub – This is the central portion of the prop that fits onto the prop shaft. It is a hollow cylinder where the bases of the blades are attached.Blades – These are the large, flat pieces that radiate out from the hub. This is what pushes the water making the boat move forward.Root – This is where the blade attaches to the hub.Leading Edge - This refers to the edge of a blade that is moving into the water.Trailing Edge – This is the edge of a blade that is opposite the leading edge.Blade Face – The wide part of the blade, often divided into fore and aft faces. Propeller Variables Diameter – The diameter of a prop is the distance across the propeller. If you are viewing a prop from the rear of a boat and imagine the prop making a solid circle as it spins the diameter will be the distance across that circle. To measure this dimension measure one blade from the center of the hub to the tip of the blade then double that number to get the diameter. Pitch – This measurement is the mystery for many people but the definition is very simple. The pitch of a prop tells us the maximum distance a propeller will move a vessel forward through the water. Take note of the word maximum in this description. Pitch is often referred to as a theoretical measurement because no prop operates at one hundred percent efficiency. The laws of fluid dynamics tell us that there is a significant loss of power at the prop which can be as much as one-third of maximum efficiency. This means that a prop with a pitch of 21 inches will only move a boat forward fourteen inches in the real world. To measure pitch, you need to take several measurements. These measurements are going to be much more accurate if you have the prop off the shaft and can lay it flat on a table. Don’t worry if you need to do this while it is still attached to the vessel, it will be slightly less accurate but this is not a precision engineering measurement. First, find the widest part of one blade and draw a line across the face from edge to edge. Then measure the distance from the front of the hub to the points where your line meets each edge of the blade. You can do this best while viewing the prop from the side. Take the smaller measurement and subtract it from the larger. Next use a protractor, angle gauge, or carpentry square to measure the triangle formed by the two points at either end of the line drawn across the widest part of the propeller blade and the center of the hub. The narrow, pointy end should be at the center of the hub. Measure the angle between the two lines radiating out from the center of the hub. Now take the first measurement and multiply it by 360. Then take the result and divide it by the angle you found in the second measurement. The resulting number is the pitch of the prop. For example, a prop that has a three-inch difference between the leading and trailing edge at the center of a blade and has a thirty-degree angle between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the blade will have a pitch of ​36 inches. This is calculated as; 3 x 360 / 30 36. There are also inexpensive prop gauges available but where is the fun in that approach. Rake – Rake is the angle between the cylinder that forms the hub and an imaginary line from the blade root to the tip of the blade. This is best measured with a protractor or angle gauge since the measurement will be a fairly small number. Prop Markings The easiest way to find prop diameter and pitch is to read the markings stamped or cast into the hub. These are two numbers separated by a dash. The first number is the diameter and the second is the pitch.

Executive Leadership Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Executive Leadership - Research Proposal Example 2014). The program aims to assist the organization in identifying potential leaders and build their capacity with essential skills to achieve the present and future leadership requirements. Leadership training programs are essential for the organization because they enables the management to evaluate the efficiency of their operations, increase competency, empower employees and satisfy the organizations’ current and future leadership requirements (Morse et al., 2007). In addition, it enables the organization to achieve improved value for products and service due to improved efficiency, reduced cost of operations and improved satisfaction of the stakeholders. Developing and retaining competent leaders in an organization are one of the most challenges organizations are facing today (Wart, 2012). The leadership development programs should have the capacity to satisfy current and future needs of the organization leadership (Cleveland, 1985). Despite the importance of leadership development in creating value for the organization, most managers consider building leadership talent as the most challenging practice. Organizations continue to face challenges of getting suitable candidates to fill the top leadership positions despite the rising unemployment in the labor market (Barnard, 1968). Successful leadership development requires the managers to recognize the organization plans, and the necessary leadership approaches appropriate for executing that plans (Wart, 2012). The managers should start by reviewing the organization best strategies in order to recognize the leadership needs as well as the qualities appropriate for the required leadership in those particular areas (Drucker, 2009). The best practices to be reviewed include formal development programs, and feedback/ multi-source rating of performance, executive coaching, job assignments, mentoring, reflection, action learning, and outdoor challenges (Velsor et al.,

Heritage Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Heritage Tourism - Essay Example It is in the 1990s that the tendency to boldly state the function of tourism and investigate the conscious and unconscious forces that foster tourism as an expression of a facet of human life became in vogue. During these period researchers working independently arrived at the nature of tourism as method of forming opinion on the nature of local people that the tourists visited. Moreover, the scholars also unearthed the social compulsions that make going to places as an essential ingredient of modern living and the pseudo-cultural experiences that are generated artificially to fuel the growth of a flourishing business activity. Many social scientists inspected "the use of tourism to make, re-make and/or de-make specific peoples, places or pasts." (Hollinshead, 2004, p. 25) The present study focuses on central ideas of four authors whose monumental contribution, to the understanding of the discipline of tourism, is a necessary backdrop for our learning of postmodern issues in tourism. They are AlSayyad N., Hewison R., Horne Donald and Dolan D. The authors are able to give a penetrating vision of the various aspects of post-modern heritage tourism. AlSayyad explores in his writing the heritage and tradition of tourism and contributes sig... Heritage today is created and propagated and it plays a major role in gaining national identity. He argues that 20th century has been a period of travel and tourism. Travel industry knows too well that it is selling only dreams. The industry knows that the tourists are too nave to realize that he or she is treated to a fake experience. The old concept of tourism as a quest for knowledge, self-improvement and authentic experience is hardly found in today's tourism. Instead, shopping, dining, wining and evening entertainment are becoming in many cases more important than the visiting of monuments. One of the appalling tragedies of postmodern tourism is the directed tour that a tourist is supposed to cover in a package. In the past travel was undertaken as a finishing school for a man of leisure and culture. Now the tourist is compelled to travel as a part of social norm and often the itinerary in such travels are unauthentic experience the tourist is forced to endure. Alsayyad (2001) c alls it " sites of 'authentic fakery' such as Las Vegas or manufactured heritage theme parks of 'fake authenticity'. There are many such symbols of modern tourism, which can vie with any monumental heritage site of the past. In fact McDonald's and Disney have more popularity as symbols of culture. In the era of increasing globalization Disney theme parks in many parts of the world stand for the weakened notion of statehood having been replaced by a plutocracy of the world governed by a multinational corporation. It is a paradox today that people travel to actual destinations for a virtual experience. Destinations could be Taj Mahal. Pyramids or the Great Wall of China but the experience is stage managed by recreational aspects of enjoyment rather